Warsaw Resistance Attempt During the Holocaust Essay

Warsaw Resistance Attempt During the Holocaust Throughout the Holocaust, Jews organized resistance movements in ghettos, concentration, and extermination camps. Although they had virtually no weapons and faced one of the largest arsenals in the world, the Jewish people fought for their honor and freedom. Without any hope victory and in the face of death, resistance fighters found the courage to take on evil in its purest form. Their efforts must not go in vein; to them we must accord our respect. This is a brief testimony of their fight against the Nazi regime. The Warsaw Ghetto By the middle of 1942, Jews in the ghettos realized that all their former residents were being murdered, not sent to labor camps. In the Warsaw Ghetto†¦show more content†¦Sentry guards were posted at street corners to report on what was happening. When the Nazis called for more people to report for deportation, the ZOB handed out leaflets describing the horror that awaited those who left. The night before the deportation of factory workers was to occur, the ZOB burned down the factory and machinery. On January 18, 1943, SS troops surrounded the Ghetto and began to march in. The ZOB replied with gunfire. In a battle that lasted three days, 50 German soldiers were killed or wounded. Even though ZOB casualties had been high, the Germans retreated. From this brief show of ability and force, the ZOB earned respect and received more outside support including 49 more revolvers, 50 grenades, and some explosives from the Polish Underground. With a group of 1,000 fighters, the resistance created teams of ten, usually 8 men and 2 women, who fought together. Half of the members of each team had their own arms. Following the insurrection, Himmler ordered the SS Brigadier General in charge of operations at the Warsaw Ghetto, Jurgen Stroop, that the roundups in the Warsaw Ghetto must be carried out with relentless determination and in as ruthless a manner as possible. The tougher the attack, the better. Recent events show just how dangerous these Jews are. As ordered by Himmler, a huge show of force descended upon the Warsaw Ghetto. SS troops, German Police, and Lithuanian andShow MoreRelatedJews Were Complacent During The Holocaust1670 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Jews were complacent during the Holocaust. For most people, the only knowledge, if any, about Jewish resistance during the Holocaust comes from a fictional movie, Inglourious Basterds. While certainly based on facts, Inglourious Basterds is not a good way of expelling a myth. In actuality, and despite popular belief, Jews were not complacent during the Holocaust. They performed both violent and non-violent resistance against the Nazis, such as spiritual resistance, forming partisan groups, andRead MoreThe Most Effective Resistance Against Nazis And The Holocaust?1719 Words   |  7 PagesCountries or Groups Showed the Most Effective Resistance Against Nazis and the Holocaust? Many events in the world have been documented in our history books, but sometimes forgotten. However, the reminisce of events that took place during the Holocaust are the ones that are never forgotten. Neither should the groups and countries that showed resistance towards Hitler. Because of the antipathy towards Hitler s regime, resistance towards Nazi’s and the Holocaust was a combined effort from many differentRead MoreEssay Jewish Resistance to the Nzi Holocaust922 Words   |  4 Pagesinternal and external factors contributing to a lack of Jewish resistance to the Holocaust, there was resistance in existence in many forms; the resistance that did occur must not be diminished or overlooked. When considering the definition of â€Å"resistance†, historians divide themselves on what this entails; some believe it to be only active, armed resistance attempts, while others define it more liberally. According to Yehuda Bauer, resistance entails â€Å"any group action cons ciously taken in oppositionRead MoreThe Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Essay2423 Words   |  10 Pagesis one of the most famous analogies used to refer to the Jews during the holocaust. The Jews were being systematically murdered, beaten, and abused day after day, and there was almost no refusal on their part. Almost no one fought back. This however was not the case in the Warsaw ghetto. Throughout the summer of 1942, nearly 300,000 Jews were deported from the Warsaw ghetto to the Treblinka death camp. During this summer, a resistance organization known as the Z.O.B. was formed. It was headed byRead MoreHolocaust Resistance: The Largest Jews Revolt Holocaust Resistance958 Words   |  4 PagesHolocaust Resistance During the duration of the Holocaust, millions of Jews and other minorities found themselves at the mercy of Nazi commandment. Despite the threat of death hanging over their heads, Jews organized resistance groups and fought back their oppressors. Resistance came in all sorts, ranging from committing suicide and dying with dignity to lashing out and killing their captors (â€Å"Jewish Resistance to the Nazi Genocide†). Within the camps there were individuals who openly foughtRead MoreFighting Back1113 Words   |  5 PagesFighting Back The Holocaust was one of the most horrendous and atrocious event in history. Millions of Jews were killed without even a second thought. The Nazis tried to suppress, demoralize, and dehumanize the Jews in every way possible. First, the Jews were forced into overcrowded ghettos, then to concentration camps where they were killed systematically or worked to their deaths. As the news of Jews being sent to death camps became known, the Jews began to rise up against the Nazis. They refusedRead MoreSusan Sontag s The Jews During The Holocaust2750 Words   |  11 Pages Chloe Chrysikopoulos Holocaust Professor Gillerman November 20, 2014 Susan Sontag states, â€Å"The likelihood that your acts of resistance cannot stop the injustice does not exempt you from acting in what you sincerely and reflectively hold to be the best interests of your community.† (Sontag At the Same Time: Essays and Speeches) This quote, while not written to reflect the resistance of the Jews during the Holocaust, can certainly apply to their situation. There has been argumentRead More HOLOCAUST Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesHOLOCAUST As tensions mounted up until the point of World War II and the war stormed through Europe, another battle silently raged. Not only did Hitler and the Nazi party wage war on countries throughout Europe, they also assaulted and purged entire innocent groups. The Holocaust began in 1933 and reached its height in WW II, while coming to an end with the war in 1945. Hitler used the Holocaust as a mechanism to rid hisRead MoreJewish Resistance to the Holocaust Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesExamining any issue pertaining to the Holocaust is accompanied with complexity and the possibility of controversy. This is especially true in dealing with the topic of Jewish resistance to the Holocaust. Historians are often divided on this complex issue, debating issues such as how â€Å"resistance† is defined and, in accordance with that definition, how much resistance occurred. According to Michael Marrus, â€Å"the very term Jewish resistance suggests a point of v iew.† Many factors, both internal suchRead MoreHow did the holocaust end and what happened afterwards?1700 Words   |  7 PagesHow did the holocaust end and what happened afterwards? From 1933 onwards, Adolf Hitler and his Nazis began implementing simple discrimination laws against the Jews and others who they did not see part of their master race. Hitler and the Nazis believed that German power was being taken by the Jews. Hitler was able to convince his followers of this issue with the Jewish question as it was known, and get away with murdering millions of people in an attempt to cleanse society of anyone inferior to

A Comparative Analysis of Hinduism, and Buddism - 1481 Words

Attempt a comparative analysis of Hinduism, and Buddhism with reference to their origins, beliefs, and practices Hinduism is an ancient religion whose origin and founder are not known. Hinduism is a combination of all types of different religious beliefs and philosophies that developed thousands of years ago, in India. All Hindus do not practice or follow the same doctrines. Although most follow the teachings of the Vedas, which is a collection of sacred texts, there are many different sects. For example, some worship the divine, who is called Atman, which is self, others worship Shiva and Vishnu. The highest class in Hinduism is the Brahmans, who are the priests. Hinduism is a very open-minded religion. This means†¦show more content†¦His father wanted him to become a world conqueror. As faith would have it, Suddharta saw the sufferings of some of his people and it disturbed him. When he was about twenty nine years old, he gave up all his worldly possessions and headed fo r the forest in search of enlightenment. Siddharta sort help from two Hindu masters in his quest for enlightenment. He also joined a band of ascetics, who follow the doctrine that a person can reach a higher spiritual state by practicing self-denial and rigorous self discipline. He almost died due to starvation by following their teachings. This made Siddharta realize that there must be a middle way between having too much and having too little. In the final stage of his quest, he began a combination of Hinduism’s raja yoga, which teaches driving the psychic energy to the deepest part, and mystic concentration. Siddharta sat under the Bo Tree and vowed not to move from that tree until he reached his goal. After overcoming all sorts of temptations, he finally achieved his goal of Great Awakening. After that, he was no longer Siddharta, but Buddha. Buddha founded an order of monks who he trained for three months of the year. The other nine months were devoted to preaching. His ministry lasted about forty-five years. He died at the age of eighty years old. Buddhists do not believe in reincarnation the same way as Hindus believe. Buddha

Careers in Clinical and Counseling Free Essays

My grim determination to pursue a career in psychology has been a lifelong dream. Since I was in my teens, I have always been interested in how a human brain works. In fact, observing human behavior was my favorite pastime. We will write a custom essay sample on Careers in Clinical and Counseling or any similar topic only for you Order Now I remember rather well how I would observe other people and compare their reactions to identical stimuli and then asked myself why? For instance, why did Mrs. A spank her 8-year-old son when she caught him lying, and Mrs. B did not? Since I saw that both Mrs. A and Mrs. B were very angry at their sons for lying, why the difference in their reactions? In such situations, the reasons behind the behavior of people, why they acted the way they did, always fascinated me. Although I was not yet fully aware at the time, I believe that my preoccupation with people’s behavior resulted from my personal circumstances. I lost my father to alcohol addiction when I was only 12 years old. Perhaps, subconsciously, I might have even placed part of the blame on my mother because I could not recall her saying or doing anything to help my father overcome his addiction. I always wondered why she tolerated my dad’s alcohol habit while our neighbors would often be heard arguing and shouting at one another every time the husband would arrive home drunk. This led me to ask myself what made mom different from the wife next door. (Now that I know that my mom was what is now called a classic enabler, I am sure that her being one certainly supported, if not actually encouraged my dad in pursuing his alcohol habit. ) Later, I would always resort to asking myself the same question whenever I would observe variant behaviors from people in our locality. For instance, when I heard that another man was discovered to be an alcoholic or a drug addict, I would wonder if his children felt the way I and my siblings felt before. Growing up in a family which was rendered dysfunctional by an alcoholic father and later with a single mother who was struggling with four children had been difficult. Things never came easy, but through sheer, hard work, I succeeded in making something of myself. I know that I worked hard for it, but I could not help thinking that I had been lucky as well. I could not help thinking of other children of families rendered dysfunctional by some forms of addiction. This thought started my self awareness. I began asking myself what really motivated me and why I do the things I do. Finally, I realized that what I really wanted was to help troubled children coming out of dysfunctional families. I was convinced that children who experienced what I went through but who were not as lucky as I have been need all the help they can get. So I took every opportunity that would lead me to this path. I first worked as a case manager for a community health center. Then I managed a youth home for troubled girls sentenced to the program through Youth Services. After that I worked with the prevention unit of another community health center. The financial demands of bringing up two sons, however, forced me to redirect my attention to my own family’s financial needs, so I started a retail business that would enable me to provide for my two sons adequately. However, after seven years, my lifelong passion resurfaced. I realized that I simply cannot turn my back on those people who need help and counseling. I decided to go back to pursuing my passion by attending a counseling program to better equip me in my desire to help troubled people. But first, in 2006, I completed a certification program in hypnosis and acquired a credential for certified hypnotist because I am certain that the skill would prove helpful later. My ultimate objective is to acquire a master’s degree in psychology and have a career in counseling psychology. I am aware that a career in counseling psychology could be very physically exhausting, emotionally draining, and involves long hours of work. However, these drawbacks are certainly offset by its most significant advantage: self-fulfillment. I know that helping people through counseling psychology will be the only career that would fulfill my lifelong dream. Besides, I get to be my own boss once I enter private practice. (Careers in Clinical and Counseling Psychology, n. d. ) Reference Careers in Clinical and Counseling Psychology. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 19, 2007, from http://www. wcupa. edu/_academics/sch_cas. psy/Career_Paths/Clinical/Career03. htm How to cite Careers in Clinical and Counseling, Papers

Business Management Idea of work Organization

Question: Discuss about the case study Business Management for Idea of work Organization. Answer: Introduction: The idea of work organization can be identified as control ofoccupationand the allotment of tasks. It involves the tasks executed, the persons performing them and how the way of performing the task. Now, the idea of work identity is typically involved with successful work organization. Work identification can be described as the extent to which a parson draws his/her sense of self from the organizational values, occupation and the product or services provided by that certain organization. Now, it can easily be understood that a positive work identity creates a job satisfaction among the employees, which helps in executing an effective as well as successful work organization. Moreover, a number of positive organizational outcomes are associated with the organizational identity. These are: work performance, organizational commitment, employee retention and many more. However, concentrating on the organizational identity in the context of work organization is not an old approach. The pr evious organizational theories have a little concern about it. However, it is changing by holding the hand of the contemporary work organization approaches. Discussion: To discuss the classical understanding of work organization, it is needed to review the classical concepts of organizational identity. As opined by Hogg Terry, (2014) the social identity theory provided by Tajfel and Turner in 1986, explains identity a person's sense of who they are based on their group membership(s). According to them, the group can be identified as one of the major sources of pride and self-esteem. As opined by Haslam et al., (2014) validation within the group provided a sense of worth to the individual. The craving for validation also compels the individual to behave in a certain manner. Thus, the importance of group cannot be ignored in shaping the identity of an individual. As discussed by Gioia et al., (2013) the classical work identity approach treated it as relatively fixed. However, a number of challenges can be identified while discussing about the classical conception of organizational identity. As discussed by Schultz Hernes, (2013) the classical approa ch of identity does not consider the idea that with the changes in the work pattern or organizational goals, people continuously changes identify and self-understanding. On the other hand, the classical concepts do not reflect on the societal and cultural changes those are typically instrumental in altering the identity negotiation and creation. Now within the organizational setup, the classical approach of identity may be used. In the classical theories regarding organization approached identity in this way. As mentioned by Burke, (2013) the Bureaucratic model of organization developed by Max Weber totally focuses on the hierarchical model. According to this model, the organization works under well-defined rules and specifications. This model says that the employee has a defined power and authority based on his/her expertise. As opined by Hatch Cunliffe, (2013) within this formalized approach, people need to follow the set rules and code of conduct. As discussed in the classical approaches of identity, it creates a sense of fixed identity among the employees. This classical approach of organization was not bothered with creating an organizational identity among the employees. As mentioned by Reid Robinson, (2016), the social groups are the instruments of creating an identity among the members. This approach ignored the im portance of the environmental factors in shaping identity. Within the classical models of organization, the companies are mostly autocratic and the scope of creating employee identity is almost absent (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). On the other hand, within the framework of the classical scientific management theory by Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1911, it is needed for the companies to control the labor force (Denhardt, Catlaw, 2014). However, this particular theory has provided a better care to the employee identification issue. As opined by Egeberg, Gornitzka Trondal, (2016) the principals of scientific management replaced the rule-of thumb method with the organization. It has provided the organizations approach that is more democratic. Thus, the employees may feel encouraged to work within that organization and thus feel more connected. Moreover, as opined by Shafritz, Ott Jang, (2015), the principle of this particular theory talks about providing training sessions to the management as well as the employees, to obtain the best potentials of the employees. However, any means of creating employee motivation and identification is not mentioned in the theory. Furthermore, the theory rebukes the idea that the primary interests of the workers and the employers are not antagonistic. As opined by Denhardt Catlaw (2014) these classical theories of work organization was more about employer oriented. Hence, not a much importance was given to the idea of creating organizational identity. The classical identity approaches have not also provided much importance to the professional instruments in creating identity within the individuals. However, the modern and the neoclassical theories of work organization are more directed towards the employee satisfaction, which is one of the major fundamentals of organizational identity among the employees. On the other hand, the modern theories of organizational identification explain identity in a separate manner. As opined by Denhardt Catlaw, (2014), the contemporary theories treat identity as a sense that an employee draws from the organizational setup and environment. As opined by Haslam et al., (2014) in the contemporary ideas the work identity greatly depends on the organizational culture. The contemporary organizational theories are more employee oriented and the issues considered by them are the fundamentals of the modern identity approach. The modern organizations are typically employee oriented. Todays organizations are well aware of the importance of job satisfaction and employee retention for achieving the aim of profit maximization. The neoclassical theory, the Human Relation Approach, talks about the integration of informal groups within the organization (Burke, 2013). Here, the idea of contemporary organizational identity differs from the previous theories. As opined by Denhardt Catlaw, (2014) here, the managers may promote, more or less self-consciously, a particular form of organizational experience. Thus, as discussed in the human relation approach; by providing a good experience within the organization, the work identity of the employees can be manipulated. As opined by Hatch Cunliffe, (2013) the human relation approach considers the existence and importance of employee expectations and the socio cultural message of their job roles. As described by Burke, (2013) these particular issues can be identified as some of the building blocks of work identity within the employees. As opined by Mikes Kaplan, (2014) the major concern of the modern managers in the organizations is managing the internal environments. The modern organizations concentrate on building identity within the employees. As discussed by Egeberg, Gornitzka Trondal, (2016) within the contemporary setup, the organizations try to regulate the identity of the employees. They consider it as an important aspect of organizational control. Hence, they focus on creating discourses and ideology. It helps the employees to understand the values or the core of the organization and creates a sense of identity. As described in the modern contingency theory, there is no best model or process of managing an organization (Mikes Kaplan, 2014). A wide range of external and internal issues has to the considered and some focused actions must be taken to eliminate those issues. This particular theory concentrates on the importance of the employee motivation and organizational identity for managing the internal contingencies. As described by Gioia et al., (2013) the modern identity approach, talks about the fundamental importance of ideologies, organizational values and job role in creating the organizational identity. The contingency theorists have taken the same idea. As opined by Egeberg, Gornitzka Trondal, (2016) expert roles are matter to peripheral expectations. Hence, applied activities of motivation and leading are important within the organizational setup. Thus, these modern or contemporary approaches treat the importance of organizational identity among the employees to generate better motivation and employee retention with a great care. The humanistic approach of the organizations creates a better organizational identity and ensures better performance. With an increased level of organizational identity, the modern organizations can be able to gain better competitive advantage and customer choice. Conclusion: Hence, from the above discussion, in can be concluded that with changes in the organizational concept in the contemporary professional world the idea of work identity has changed a lot. The importance of work identity in work organization is many folds. As described by a number of scholastic theories, organizational identification provides a greater level of commitment within the employees towards the organization. For implementing an effective work organization, it is important for the management to provide a sense of connection and familiarity to the organizational values as well as climate. Aware of the advantages to the organization themselves, various creative and ambitious companies intentionally promote organizational identity among the workers by "identity regulation" and identity narration. Organizational identity typically depends on the individuals perception about the organization - its status, the extent of communication and patronage it provides them, and the way of rep resenting itscorporate identity. Hence, the companies need to create an acceptable and dignified identity so that it helps the employees to be committed to the organization. References: Burke, W. W. (2013).Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Denhardt, R. B., Catlaw, T. J. (2014).Theories of public organization. Cengage Learning. Egeberg, M., Gornitzka, ., Trondal, J. (2016). 2. Organization theory.Handbook on Theories of Governance, 32. Gioia, D. A., Patvardhan, S. D., Hamilton, A. L., Corley, K. G. (2013). Organizational identity formation and change.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), 123-193. Haslam, S. A., van Knippenberg, D., Platow, M. J., Ellemers, N. (Eds.). (2014).Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice. Psychology Press. Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2013).Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. He, H., Brown, A. D. (2013). Organizational identity and organizational identification A review of the literature and suggestions for future research.Group Organization Management,38(1), 3-35. Hogg, M. A., Terry, D. J. (Eds.). (2014).Social identity processes in organizational contexts. Psychology Press. Mikes, A., Kaplan, R. S. (2014, October). Towards a contingency theory of enterprise risk management. AAA. Reid, S. A., Robinson, B. (2016). Social Identity Theories.The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. Schultz, M., Hernes, T. (2013). A temporal perspective on organizational identity.Organization Science,24(1), 1-21. Shafritz, J. M., Ott, J. S., Jang, Y. S. (2015).Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning.

This World Essays - Over, , Term Papers, Research Papers

This World some times i think this world is a joke sometimes i feel like i just wanna croke but then i look around and see this world what a shame it could be such a beautiful place with real people lauging all over this place but there are no real people except one, who fills me up every time, if it wasnt for him i dont know where i would be, certainly not in this place of misery, but very soon my one will take me away and help me make this world a special place.

How and why was Stalin able to gain power essays

How and why was Stalin able to gain power essays There are different interpretations of how and why Stalin was able to gain power, either concentrating on his own actions and abilities, or the situation at the time and the failure of his opponents. It would appear that the success of Stalin was due to both his own strengths and actions in the political arena and the weaknesses displayed by his opponents, in relation to the prevailing circumstances of the time. Stalin was, by opportunism or careful planning, able to gain control of the party machine and use it to his advantage, and use his own political skills to out manoeuvre his opponents, while they often displayed lackluster tactics in a vain attempt to win the support of a party loyal to Stalin. The political positions to which Stalin was elevated within the Communist Party were undoubtedly of major importance in his successful campaign to establish himself as the leader of the USSR. Before the death of Lenin it was evident that Stalin had huge power within the party machine, as Lenin himself expressed in his Testament, and Lynch explains the accumulation of this power in reference to the nature of Soviet government from 1917 onwards, as the lack of precedent and guidelines led to the creation of individual advancement which would, ordinarily, not exist. The acquisition by Stalin of his political offices from 1917 to 1922 increased his power over the party machine immensely, as he found himself with more authority over both personnel and policy. Most importantly, his appointment to the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party in 1922 put him in the position of being the vital link-man with access to personal files of all party members and the responsibility f or recording and conveying party policy. The power of patronage, which also came along with this position, though not Lenins intention, gave Stalin the power to place supporters in key positions and the power to ...

Constructing an argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Constructing an argument - Essay Example Rejection is a scenario where one feels a sense of discontentment as a result of not being capable of achieving something or being below other people’s expectations. The fear of rejection cannot be ignored since its consequences are so numerous due to emotional and psychological torture that comes with it. It does not make one a lesser being when one undergoes fear of rejection since it is something that is inevitable at one time in life. Trying to control your sub conscious mind to deviate from such thought is akin to running away from reality of life. Accepting every challenge that comes in life is a means and a remedy to making you a better person through self acceptance (Dooly 260). It is necessary to define fear of rejection before proceeding further. The fear of rejection can be defined as the act of intrinsic, irrational anxiety which is inherent out of the phobia of people unfamiliar to us otherwise known as xenophobia; fear of failure, fear of love (philophobia), tech nology (technophobia) or even resulting from socializing , also known as sociophobia. As a matter of fact, it must be acknowledged that the difference in people’s in born features and biological elements in them may cause them either to develop fear of being rejected by others or withstand challenges that may befall them. My arguments will thus be geared towards opposing the fear of rejection. However, the fact that fear of rejection is a natural occurrence should not deter one from attempting what they feel is a worthy duty, thanks to a number of counselors, books and therapies that are currently available (McDonald et al. 565). Despite a number of people’s stereotypic belief that science and psychological counseling and therapy are capable of doing little to avert incidences of fear of rejection, much can be done with the application of these exercises. For instance, there are people who are naturally born shy; others are not actually shy but fear trying out new and unfamiliar things. Such people can be helped to achieve and boost their ego and the necessary self esteem that result from such fears. This can be done by organizing interactive sessions that will help them articulate the genesis of their fear and trying to find long term solutions aftermath. Mentioning history of people who have managed to overcome fear in their lives can act as great examples to be emulated. This is just an example of tried and tested fear-elimination method through which one can be helped to realize his or her worth (Jarcho 1890). Acknowledging that fear exists typically in every aspect of one’s cycle is the first step to assisting those who constantly fall victims of the impulse of fear. One reason why, for example, most men do not get the right spouses is because they fear losing. In the event that they try to convince the ladies to accept a hand in marriage and fail, most of them easily give up. Little do they know that a woman may say no for the first time, but again accept the request another time. The ego in men does not permit them in most occasions to accept defeat; they would rather stop trying than fail in the event of trying. Unassertiveness is also a characteristic feature of people who experience fear of unknown. Fear that is not managed or harnessed

Gel point and fractal microstructure of incipient blood clots are Essay

Gel point and fractal microstructure of incipient blood clots are significant new markers of hemostasis for healthy and anticoagulated blood - Essay Example This way, the study aimed at investigating the value of dimension Df that characterized incipient clots formed in unadulterated blood samples, which were extracted from healthy participants. This was with a view to establish a â€Å"healthy index† which was to be used in representing a value of an incipient clot microstructure in terms of fractal dimension, and to further manipulate a healthy blood using unfractionated heparin. It also aimed at comparing any change in Df against standard thromboelastography (TEG) and laboratory coagulation markers. The subjects were divided into two groups: the healthy group and the Anticoagulant group. For the healthy group, strict exclusion criteria ensures healthy volunteers who were on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, and those with a family or personal history of thromboembolic disease, and any acute disease, hepatic, renal dysfunction, or cancer were eliminated. This group consisted of 23 women, and 29 men totalling to 52 healthy patients. The mean age for the subject of this group was 33.6 years. On the other hand, the anticoagulant group had 38 healthy adults: 13 women, 25 men, and a mean age 25.2 years. In studying the impact of inhibiting production of thrombin on an incident clot, volumes (>10 uL) of unfractionated heparin were added to a volume of 20 mL of blood in vitro. The resulted in the production of an effective Antifactor (Xa) concentration ranging from 0.05 to 0.08 IU/mL. To minimize any dilution effect, a small volume of heparin was added to a larger volume of blood. The unfractionated heparin was altered to prolong activated partial thromboplastin to the range corresponding to the 0.3 to 0.7 U/mL of heparin. For analysis purposes 4 ml aliquots of blood was extracted from a sample for full blood count analysis including a platelet count. Samples were collected into full-draw dipotassiu, ethlenediamitetraacetic acid vacuattes. The Sysmex XE 2100 was used to analyse FBC. In the Rheometry, aliquots

Nike's Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nike's - Case Study Example The company lacked the diversification on its products and produced products for only some specific consumers. It shunned sports like soccer, rollerblading and golf and focused more efforts on making shoes for basketball and track market. This lead to falling of the sales in the market and the company realized that it had to increase its sales. As a result, the company took its designs and marketing competencies and crafted new lines of shoes for its consumers. It lined a new line of soccer shoes and started winning a big market share from the soccer market. The company lacked competences in marketing and design. To improve on it design it purchased other foot wear companies that were complimenting its products. The company lacked a marketing design of convincing its customers that its products were the best. Nike is now searching for new market acquisitions to improve its market share (Henderson et al, 2). The focus of developing new products for new market segments has proved to be a

The History Of Indonesia

The History Of Indonesia Intercultural management is an emerging but increasingly important area of study. Intercultural management are on work forces that function in different cultural backgrounds. These differences can be either external, where an organization operates across national and ethnic cultures, or internal, where an organization operates across company differences, branches or regions. Cultures express different values and priorities when they make and implement decisions. These values influence work relationships, whether between superior and subordinate, peers, international joint venture partners, managers in headquarters and subsidiaries, and others. Intercultural Management subject is extremely important because of the cultural diversity and ethnic that exists within the organisation today. Specifically, with regard to global organisations, it try to settle the unevenness between global and local concerns by proposing a framework that combines a new understanding of culture with a classica l leadership approach. It is also about accommodating a range of structural and behavioural dimensions that address different facets of organizational functioning. Intercultural management is expensive, but also give away a high return on investment. The objective is to achieve more effective cross-cultural practice. In this assignment, students of Intercultural Management are required to experience a Field Trip to Indonesia, Medan. Students are expected to carry culture analysis and findings on the problems that are asked to fulfil the requirement of this module and prepared a report in the end. 2.0 Background of Country Visited, Indonesia Indonesia is the fourth largest country in the world by number of population which expanse between the Indian and Pacific Oceans with thousands island scattered across. Its closest neighbours are the new country of East Timor which formerly a part of Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Malaysia. It is an archipelago country, made up of 17,508 islands with a land area of 1,905 thousand square kilometres. It has 33 provinces populated by 242 million people. From the western tip of Sumatra to the eastern edge of Papua, it runs along the equator for 5000km. Indonesia has been an independent republic for more than fifty years and its capital city is Jakarta. Indonesias peoples are regional interests, diverse and cultural elements differ widely. 2.1 History of Indonesia Indonesian history, hominid fossils was found by Eugene Dubois in 1809 near Trinil village, East Java. Human immigration occurred 3000 BC. These immigrants are either came from the Pacific islands or southern China and brought their language, Austronesia with them. Since they arrived in a small group and set up around the coast, Austronesia language was quickly diversified with distant descendant of Java Man. However, Bahasa Indonesia is the national language of Indonesia. At the 5th century, Hinduism first came to Indonesia with the advent of Indian merchants as on purpose act of preaching by the Brahmans. By this time Indonesias trading partners was southern China, hence the influence of Buddhism also started to take part. In the 11th century, merchants brought Islam in. By the time, there was no centre of Indonesian Islamic culture and this leads to weakness when the Dutch arrived. Dutch East India Company ruled Indonesia from 1602 to 1799 and stayed until 1942 as a Dutch colony. Before the Dutch returned to claim their colonies from 1942-1945, the Japanese occupied the islands. Sukarno declared independence and was appointed as president after the surrender of Japanese in August 1945. 2.2 Indonesias Political System Republic of Indonesia came into existence in 1945 followed by the federal government under the United Republic of Indonesia. Based on the 1945 constitution, it then returned to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The 1945 constitution controls responsibilities and position of state officials, duties, their authorities and relationships between government institutions. (executive, legislative and judicial). The Peoples Consultative Assembly (MPR), being the highest state institution promulgates the constitution, decide state policy guidelines and appoint or dismiss the president and vice president. Direction of the government, laws and drafts regulations is monitored by The House of Representatives (DPR). Position of other high-level state institutions, including the Supreme Court and the House of Representatives are occupied by the president, who is also the Head of State and Head of Government. The President also carries out the mandate of the MPR, implementing the state policy guidelines, and appointed ministers and heads of non-ministry with the ministry (the Attorney General, Police and Armed Forces) that assist in the implementation of these tasks. The Supreme Court is the judicial branch of the State around the executive and legislative branches. Governments finances are examined by The State Audit Board. The State Audit Board is reported to the Peoples Legislative Assembly, the body that approves the inspected Expenditure and State Income. On matters related to issues of economic, political, the military and socio-cultural, The Supreme Advisory Council provides advice to the President on request. 2.3 Indonesias Economic With inflation reducing, solid growth and falling unemployment, Indonesia is currently enjoying positive economic conditions. Indonesia has recently become more recognized for providing investment opportunities as there has been a lot of foreign interest. Due to the rich deposits of natural resources, Indonesia has become a major beneficiary of the strong growth in China and other developing countries. This helps the strong economic growth through foreign investment and international competitiveness. Inflationary pressures continue to be a problem for Indonesia although the rate of growth has been strong, driven by higher food and utilities including fuel for the countrys domestic demand grows rapidly. Indonesias central bank (Bank Indonesia) to take action to help restrain inflation as it began to pose a threat to economic growth. Through Monetary policy tightening, inflation has been reduced to a more manageable rate. The unemployment rate in Indonesia has reduced since 2005-2006 i n line with the strong growth of the economy. Corruption continues to be a major problem for the Indonesian economy which can have the effect of distribution. By reducing economic growth, this affects income inequality and scarcity. 2.4 Infrastructure and Technological Information Dial-up service over noisy line is commonly used to access the Internet. Most of these wireless access points are in cities. Wireless infrastructure may be away to go for deploying Internet for rural, under-served, poor Indonesian neighbourhood. However, issues in rural areas would not only telecommunication or Internet access technology, it is more on the demand, people, social, cultural side as well as the higher stumbling block in the regulatory framework. Need on information and knowledge is virtually non-existence in such areas. The major problem is mainly lack of content written in Indonesian. Speak-and listen is much common way to communicate in Indonesian culture as compared to read and- write. 2.5.1 Population Indonesia, with number of 234 million populations, is the worlds fourth most populated country. There are more than 300 people per square mile (160 per square km), which four time more than the population in the United States. The rate of population grow in Indonesia is around 1.5% per year which means this country will have 282 million population by the year 2025 and more than 315 million population by the year 2050. About 40 % of the population is urban while 45% of the population is engaged in agriculture. 2.5.2 People In Indonesia most islands can be considered as multiethnic, which large and small groups forming geographical enclaves. In ethnic areas, arguments between members of different ethnic groups can be resolved by either the leader or the two groups, by feud or by the courts. In many regions with settled populations, a customary settlement is honoured over a court one, and many rural areas are peaceful havens. 2.5.3 Language There are over 650 dialects and languages are spoken in Indonesia. Since they lived isolated from one and another, unique cultures are developed different islands. However, they local languanges are Sundanese, Javanese, Balinese, Sasak are still being used in some other parts although Bahasa Indonesia is known as the national language. Bahasa Indonesia is a variation of the Malay language. Dutch and English are also often used, this is because Indonesia was a colony of Dutch and English where this both language has became the international language of business during that time. 2.5.4 Religion Indonesia has a largest Muslim population practicing Islam. Besides Islam, Protestants, Catholics, Hindus, and Buddhists are also practiced. Form hybrid religious practices, Islam have mixed with traditions and local customs. A Javanese Muslim from rural may go the mosque to pray but later on pray at the grace of local Catholic saint. Since the 1500s, Christianity has already been practised. It was then influenced by the Protestant and Roman Catholic with arrival of Portuguese and Dutch. Buddhism has a long history in Indonesia since the Srivijaya dynasty and it lasted from the 7th-14th century. In Indonesia, Hinduism is the oldest religion. The Hindus lived at Bali, Hinduism came from India has been greatly adapted by Indonesians to fit it ancestral practices, animist and local. 2.5.4 Ethnic/Culture Groups More than 500 different ethnic groups live in this country. In North Sumatera ethnic groups are the Malay, the Sudanese, the Acehnese, the Bataks, are the big majority of the local population.  Migration, to the North Sumatra to seek fortune has given these people a lot of the regions agricultural and commercial activities. Largest group of ethnic is The Javanese, followed by followed by Sundanese, and the Malays. The Javanese are given named after the island on which their culture expands.    2.5.5 Cultural Practices and Tradition Wayang or shadow theatre is well known because of the Javanese. The Javanese also created Batik. The Sundanese and Javanese somewhat can understand each other with some linguistic connection. The Javanese and the Sudanese are both Muslims. Both cultures, the Sudanese and Javanese perform wooden puppets called wayang goleks. Kendang a local drum of Sundanese provides faster rhythm than the one usually found in Javanese culture. The Batak houses are separated into three levels symbolising a threefold division of the cosmos (upper world, the underworld and the earth). The Toba church are the largest church in Indonesia, they were once obvious and early target for Christian European missionaries. In traditional Batak community, woven fabrics play an important part. The woven fabrics are not only as clothing, but as an important gift in the ritual, which to strengthen the ties that exist between the symbol and the group of related people. 3.1 Common Business/ Economic Activity Based on my observation, the local people of Medan mostly make a living by opening small businesses. There are dozens of food streets along the roads and hawkers centre around Medan. From Chinese home-cooking style food, to Bataks grilled dish, to spicy Malay sambal, and tasty Indian curry, the city is definitely a food heaven for locals and tourists. Pajak Ikan Lama is the most famous traditional clothes market sells souvenirs, fabrics, handbags, belts, shirts, pants and local food. It also a local market which located near Dataran Merdeka best known for textiles and batik. In Berastagi, vegetables and fruits market known as the main economic activities of the local people. This area is quite cold in climate and highly fertile which situated between Mount Sibayak and Mount Sinabung. Besides vegetables and fruits, Berastagi is also known for producer of sugar cane, flowers, and rice. Most uneducated local men in Medan earn a living as a becak driver. It is very easy to start a busine ss as a becak driver because becak is a public transport in Medan. Due to large population, the labour cost in Medan is very cheap which leads the local people to starts their own businesses. 3.2 Level of Education/ Job Requirement The highest educational level in Berastagi and Lake Toba is until Primary. Where else in Medan the highest education level is until middle school (secondary). The Hotel receptionist with a bachelor degree who speaks English stated that her monthly salary is only Rp.2, 000,000. In Lake Toba, we interviewed the captain that drive us Samosir Island. He stated that he is also the staff of Carolina Hotel but does not want state his salary when we asked him. A becak driver usually did not have a proper education and had finished elementary school. They speak bahasa Indonesia and only speaks few words In English. To become a becak driver was one of the limited choices they had to earn. The  income  of  becak drivers  is unstable and varies on a daily basis.  The monthly income  was 600000 Rupiah with 7 hours working daily. Sometimes they earn much money but sometimes they wait for passengers for several days and earn nothing at all. The fees they charge the passengers are moreov er negotiable. They do not have any fixed charge for each trip. It very much depends on who uses their services and how good they are in bargaining. At strategic places in cities or towns, people can easily find becak drivers waiting in groups for passengers. Usually they can be found at bus terminals or train stations to serve people who have just got off from trains or buses. We usually get short becak ride for 5000 Rupiah to 10000 Rupiah but more for than 10minutes rides will cost around 15000 Rupiah. Most drivers will charge for 30000 Rupiah for foreigners then will came down to 15000 Rupiah when spoken to in Bahasa Indonesia. 3.3 Taboos/ Disturbing Cultural Practices It seemed that the King has many warriors and one of the famous warriors would go totally naked when going for wars. For Batak people, showing your genitals is a taboo.  The Batak traditionally allowed polygamy, but it didnt come up very often because the man had to be wealthy enough to support the additional wives and children. After Christian conversion, this practice became taboo. Once again, the Christian answer was given. In reality, tribal people usually have a number of superstitions and rituals associated with death. Some tribes actually relocate the entire village if one person dies. According to Dr. Fernandez, the Batak would burn the house where the dead person had lived, and no one would live in that house again. This superstition had the practical function of preventing the spread of communicable diseases. In certain tribe such as the Batak, raised breeds of dogs and slaughtered them for their meat. This may be for some medicinal purposes benefits attributed to differe nt parts of a dog or as an alternative for other meat.  Eating dog meat is usually associated with their culture, who cooks a traditional dog-meat stew. I find this most disturbing cultural practice because in other part the world dogs views  as a companion and humans best friend. It is cruel and disgusting to consume dogs meat. Apart from cultural  practice, it is not acceptable  by other groups of people. 3.4 Bargaining and Negotiating Bargaining is usual in small shops and markets in Medan, Tomok and Berastagi. Bargaining works by asking the price and slowly increases the offer until a compromise is reached. We bargain for everything in here. It is fine to say no, or to ignore the seller. But, we only bargain when we really want to buy something. With so many shops competing, it is easy to find the good price.   The locals usually speak in quiet, gentle tones. However, this only reflects their politeness and respect for others. Because being friendly and saving face are so important in this culture, communication is generally very indirect. The Indonesian usually prefers to do business with others who treat them with respect and genuinely, it is important to demonstrate similar behaviours. Causing embarrassment to another person may cause a loss of face for all parties involved and can be disastrous for business negotiations Building lasting and trusting personal relationships is therefore critically important t o most Indonesians, who expect to establish strong bonds prior to closing any deals. The large population in Medan caused traffic jam. We really feel impressed on how the drivers negotiate and tolerate among themselves when they uses the road. They will normally hon to let other drivers to know that they want to go other side or change the lane. 3.5 Cultural Implication on Advertisement Religions affect consumption behaviours and the purchase pattern. A high level of familiarity with the local  culture  is the significant  impact  on the effectiveness of marketing strategies. One of the television advertisements that I go through is regarding McDonalds Delivery. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uxv73s6YQ88) The advertisement is about young man wanted to take his car to buy dinner/ supper. But his car tyre got punctured, so he decided to get some satay at the nearby street. When he went there, the satay man says he sold off the satays. In the end, he ended up calling for Mc Delivery. From this, I can see that the Mc Delivery advertisement is connected to their local preferences. Satay is one of their local food so the advertisement appealing to their taste. McDonalds in  Indonesia now has McSatay, Mc Rice where its known that Indonesia basic food is rice served with egg. McDonals in Indonesia does not offer pork burger as most of the population are Muslims. One of the outdoor advertisements that I came across is a politician poster behind one of the becak that we took. Since only the low income group of people who will frequently take the becak, the advertisement of politician figure will appeal into local people of needs for unity on establishment of peace in spite of political. It also makes them think logical on values such as righteousness, justice, freedom, and dignity.   Television Advertisement Outdoor Advertisement 4.1 Power Distance Indonesia has high power distance which means there are no equivalent rights between power holders and non power holders. The employees in Indonesia are expected to be directed by the employers. Dekker in 2008 stated that power distance is represented by the social position on the basis of the authorities among the most powerful to the least powerful in their communities. It is designed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹by the government in accordance with its own conception of political ideology, socio-economic system, technical development and culture in the various member states. As part of their cultural heritage, Indonesian also has wealth inequalities in society. This is not  forced by the population, but  accepted by the community  as part of  their cultural heritage.   Managers are respected for their position and control is accepted. In Indonesia, in general seniority and elderly people play important role in the society and community; people usually respect the elderly as well as value their social status in the community. 4.2 Collectivism Indonesia has high collectivism, which means they hold their traditions tightly. Many of Indonesias ethnic groups have strong kinship groupings based upon patrilineal, matrilineal, or bilateral descent. The children are committed to their elders. Indonesia family keep their grandparents at home instead sending them to any institution. Their children want their parents life easier. Jones in 2007 assumes that this dimension gauge the level of integration of the people in the community as well as capability of the people who work in groups or individually. If one wishes to marry in Indonesia, it is important the men to meet the womens family. He has to introduce himself to the family of the woman. It is not appropriate having a relationship without notifying the parents of the girl first. Indonesias ideas about tolerance, the faith of God, social justice, human, and democracy (5 principles), to reflect the countrys way of life and the basic thinking, such as the reflection of collectivi sm ideologies are integrated. Loyalty in a collectivist culture is based on social rules and other regulations. The society practices strong relationships where everyone takes responsibility for other members of their group. 4.3 Masculinity and Femininity Indonesia has both Masculinity and femininity is at the same level. Women have the same rights and opportunities in every aspect such as occupations. According to Chang in 2003 womens role changing are the factor of economy rapid growth and globalisation in Indonesia. In past women the one should care for children and does the housework where else man the one earn for the family. Now, women are becoming more adapted together with men. The principle of gender equality becomes more comfortable and treats them same as the men. This shows that the Indonesia has a degree of gender differences where both men and women dominate a significant portion of the society and power structure. This leads to women to act more as a man and away from their role as women. In Indonesia although masculinity and femininity are both in same level but men still sometimes have more power. In general, although there are traditional roles for women and men in the society these roles sometimes overlap. 4.4 Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty avoidance explains either people feel secure or comfort with chaos, uncertain events, unstructured situation and risks. It about how Indonesian takes action in order to reach their goal and good inherent balance in controlling situation. Indonesian tends to provide and arrange everything for future events. Harris and Moran in 2006 relate the condition of uncertainty avoidance with Tolerating Ambiguity, which demotes to the ability to react to new, unpredictable situations with little visible discomfort or irritation, different and at times. This explains that there is a strong preference in Indonesia towards separation Javanese culture of external self to internal self. It is common for Indonesian not show anger even though they are really upset, no matter how angry is them they will still be polite. This means maintaining healthy relationship in work place is very important in Indonesia. This shows that the Indonesian people easily accept unstructured situations. Unstruc tured situation is a new situation, not known surprising, different from usual. Moreover, Indonesian people in general are also more comfortable with stable and predictable conditions. For example, they prefer to become civil servants rather than to become entrepreneurs although in some cases they prefer to leave everything to God for the situations that they cannot control and manipulate anymore. Another aspect of this element can be viewed at a resolution of conflicts. Direct Communication is the way to solve conflict is usually seen as a threatening and one that they are uncomfortable in. It allows exchange of views without losing face, and since one of the main manifestations of the uncertain Indonesia is to maintain a harmonious appearance in the workplace; intermediary remove uncertainties associated with confrontation. 4.5 Long Term Orientation Long term orientation is related with people through particular criteria such as obligation, reciprocal, loyalty and honesty. It is more like having good behaviours in relationship. Indonesia seems to be long term oriented. Because the hard work of people today looking forward to a long-term compensation in the Indonesian culture has a strong work ethic. Countries such as Indonesia and the Indonesian tend to have inter-religious views around the world on tolerance features. There is recognition that there are several truths on the seeker because Indonesian people embracing several different religions, such as Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, and Hinduism. The Indonesia are typically not punctual, this because they are long term orientation. Taylor in 2008 stated with highest numbers of Muslims in the world, combining Power Distance and Unaccepted Avoidance shows the Indonesian community is highly regulation oriented with controls, rules, laws and regulations. Motivating Indonesian Muslim employees would necessitate leader to give an environment of rules and guidelines to decrease uncertainty, show ultimate power and provide rewards to employee based on age, position, and status. Employees of Indonesia can be motivated by Hofstedes theory. Indonesian workers have a low tolerance for uncertainty, which Depending on tight control as a motivator. 5.0 Conclusion

Breaking The Rules in Rostands Cyrano de Bergerac :: essays research papers

Cyrano de Bergerac, written by Edmond Rostand, is a play about a poetic swordsman with a bad temper, an attitude, and a hideously long nose. As one reads along in this drama, one will find that the people are different in the way they speak, dress, and socialize. With the characters in this book living in 17th century France, it is not a wonder that their customs are far removed from ours today. Cyrano de Bergerac has three cultural themes: attitude, social ranking, and dress. The attitude of this play is very interesting. Looking closely, one notices that most of the characters in Cyrano de Bergerac are very formal in the way they address others. They always seem to keep their opinions to themselves, or if they do share it, they do so in a very inoffensive way. Cyrano, however, is very loud and obnoxious. He likes attention and he wants to be the superior. He doesn’t care if other people think he is rude or boastful as long as they are afraid of him. In Cyrano’s first appearance, he frightened an actor off a stage. In Act One, a man asks Cyrano, â€Å"Why do you make so many enemies?† (24). The man starts naming some of them, and after a few, Cyrano replies, â€Å"Enough. I’m overjoyed.† Cyrano’s attitude, it seems, is quite different than that of his peers. Social ranking was extremely important during the 17th century. The musketeers, officers, tradesmen, and managers were highly respected. The poor, pickpockets, and common folk were not. Cyrano was egotistical and poor, which made some people despise him. He was also a poet and a swordsman, which made others intrigued by him. The ladies thought of him as a hero and a gentleman. The men were simply afraid of him. Obviously, Cyrano evoked mixed opinions. Style of dress was a significant factor in Cyrano de Bergerac. Men wore frills, ribbons, lace, and gloves. Women wore dresses with petticoats and jewels. Cyrano was a poor man, therefore, he didn’t have the fancy attire like the other men. In Act One, he claimed that he clothed himself in independence and security, and that what shining gems he owned, he wore inside (20). Breaking The Rules in Rostand's Cyrano de Bergerac :: essays research papers Cyrano de Bergerac, written by Edmond Rostand, is a play about a poetic swordsman with a bad temper, an attitude, and a hideously long nose. As one reads along in this drama, one will find that the people are different in the way they speak, dress, and socialize. With the characters in this book living in 17th century France, it is not a wonder that their customs are far removed from ours today. Cyrano de Bergerac has three cultural themes: attitude, social ranking, and dress. The attitude of this play is very interesting. Looking closely, one notices that most of the characters in Cyrano de Bergerac are very formal in the way they address others. They always seem to keep their opinions to themselves, or if they do share it, they do so in a very inoffensive way. Cyrano, however, is very loud and obnoxious. He likes attention and he wants to be the superior. He doesn’t care if other people think he is rude or boastful as long as they are afraid of him. In Cyrano’s first appearance, he frightened an actor off a stage. In Act One, a man asks Cyrano, â€Å"Why do you make so many enemies?† (24). The man starts naming some of them, and after a few, Cyrano replies, â€Å"Enough. I’m overjoyed.† Cyrano’s attitude, it seems, is quite different than that of his peers. Social ranking was extremely important during the 17th century. The musketeers, officers, tradesmen, and managers were highly respected. The poor, pickpockets, and common folk were not. Cyrano was egotistical and poor, which made some people despise him. He was also a poet and a swordsman, which made others intrigued by him. The ladies thought of him as a hero and a gentleman. The men were simply afraid of him. Obviously, Cyrano evoked mixed opinions. Style of dress was a significant factor in Cyrano de Bergerac. Men wore frills, ribbons, lace, and gloves. Women wore dresses with petticoats and jewels. Cyrano was a poor man, therefore, he didn’t have the fancy attire like the other men. In Act One, he claimed that he clothed himself in independence and security, and that what shining gems he owned, he wore inside (20).